Non-surgical Rehabilitation
OA can't be cured, but physiotherapies are available to ease symptoms and to slow down the degeneration. Recent information shows that mild cases of knee OA may be maintained and in some cases improved without surgery.
Medication
Patients may also want to consult with their doctor or pharmacist regarding the use of pain relief or over-the counter anti-inflammatory medication. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a mild pain reliever with few side effects. Some people may also get relief of pain with anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen and aspirin. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions or concerns regarding these medications.
Medical studies have shown that glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can also help people with knee OA. These supplements seem to have nearly the same benefits as anti-inflammatory medicine with fewer side affects. Many therapists feel the research supports these supplements and are encouraging their patients to use them.
Physiotherapy
Your physiotherapist plays a critical role in the nonoperative treatment of knee OA. Physiotherapy may be needed to ease pain and improve mobility, strength, and function. Our primary goals are to help you learn how to control symptoms, maximize the health of your knee and prolong the time before surgery is needed. Although the time required for recovery varies, you will probably progress to a home program within two to four weeks
We begin by recommending ways to calm pain and symptoms, which might include the use of rest, heat, or topical rubs.
Our physiotherapists then teach patients how to protect the arthritic knee joint. This starts with tips on choosing activities that minimize impact and twisting forces on the knee. People who modify their activities can actually slow down the effects of knee OA. For instance, people who normally jog might decide to walk, bike, or swim to reduce impact on their knee joint. Sports that require jumping and quick starts and stops may need to be altered or discontinued to protect the knee joint.
Our physiotherapist may suggest that shock-absorbing insoles placed in your shoes to reduce impact and protect the joint. In advanced cases of knee OA, or when the knee is especially painful, we may recommend a cane or walker to ease joint pressure when walking. People who walk regularly are encouraged to choose a soft walking surface, such as a cinder or grass track.
A new type of knee brace, called a knee unloading brace, can help when OA is affecting one side of the knee joint. For example, a bowlegged posture changes the way the knee joint lines up. The inside (medial) part of the knee joint gets pressed together. The cartilage suffers more damage, and greater pain and problems occur. The unloading brace pushes against the outer (lateral) surface of the knee, causing the medial side of the joint to open up. In this way, the brace shares the pressure and unloads the arthritic medial side of the joint. A knee unloading brace can help relieve pain and allow people to do more of their usual activities.
For mild cases of knee OA, our physiotherapist may give you a heel wedge to wear in your shoe. By tilting the heel, the wedge alters the way your knee lines up, which works like the unloading brace mentioned above to take pressure off the arthritic part of the knee.
We will use range-of-motion and stretching exercises to improve your knee motion. Our physiotherapist will also show you strengthening exercises for the hip and knee to help steady you knee and give additional joint protection from shock and stress. People with knee OA who have strong leg muscles have fewer symptoms and prolong the life of their knee joint. Your physiotherapist will also suggest tips for getting your tasks done with less strain on the joint.
Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
Physiotherapy treatments after surgery depend on the type of surgery performed. Rehabilitation is generally slower and more cautious after knee replacement procedures and certain types of tibial osteotomies. After simple procedures such as arthroscopy, you may begin fairly aggressive exercise therapy immediately.
Your physiotherapy treatments usually begin the next day after surgery. Our first few rehabilitation sessions are used to ease pain and swelling, help you begin gentle knee motion and thigh tightening exercises, and get you up and walking safely. You may need to use either a walker or crutches after surgery. We may instruct some patients to limit how much weight they place on the knee for about four to six weeks.
After going home from the hospital, a physiotherapist may see you for a short period of home therapy before beginning outpatient physiotherapy. Our outpatient treatments are designed to improve knee range of motion and strength and to safely progress your ability to walk and do daily activities.
At Emerald Hills Physio & Sports Clinic, our goal is to help you keep your pain under control, maximize knee mobility, and improve muscle strength and control. When your recovery is well under way, regular visits to our office will end. Although we will continue to be a resource, you will be in charge of doing your exercises as part of an ongoing home program.
Emerald Hills Physio & Sports Clinic provides services for physiotherapy in Sherwood Park.
In cases of advanced OA where surgery is called for, patients may also see a physiotherapist before surgery to discuss exercises that will be used just after surgery and to begin practicing using crutches or a walker.
